Top reasons why a system hangs or crash in windows and its solution with brief description

Computer hangs a general problem in windows where as this is not a general problem in linux based operating system and MAC operating system.

These are the some general top cause of the system crash. You will find the detail about the problem and a solution for it on the description.

Reasons:
   1. Hardware conflict
   2. Bad RAM (Random Access Memory)
   3. Bios Setting
   4. Hard DISK drives
   5. Fatal OE exceptions and VXD errors
   6. Viruses 
   7. Printers  
   8. Software
   9. Over heating
   10. Power supply problem 

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Over heating and power supply problem - a reason of system crash or hangs And its solution in windows

Overheating Problem:

Central processing units (CPUs) are usually equipped with fans to keep them cool. If the fan fails or if the CPU gets old it may start to overheat and generate a particular kind of error called a kernel error. This is a common problem in chips that have been overclocked to operate at higher speeds than they are supposed to.One remedy is to get a bigger better fan and install it on top of the CPU.
CPU problems can often be fixed by disabling the CPU internal cache in the BIOS. This will make the machine run more slowly, but it should also be more stable.

Power supply problems

With all the new construction going on around the country the steady supply of electricity has become disrupted. A power surge or spike can crash a computer as easily as a power cut.
If this has become a nuisance for you then consider buying a uninterrupted power supply (UPS). This will give you a clean power supply when there is electricity, and it will give you a few minutes to perform a controlled shutdown in case of a power cut.
It is a good investment if your data are critical, because a power cut will cause any unsaved data to be lost.

                      Top Ten Reasons Why A system HANGS

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Softwares - a reason of system crash or hangs And its solution in windows

A common cause of computer crash is faulty or badly-installed software. Often the problem can be cured by uninstalling the software and then reinstalling it. Use various software (that are helpful for delete process) to remove an application from your system properly. These software will also remove references to the programme in the System Registry and leaves the way clear for a completely fresh copy.
The System Registry can be corrupted by old references to obsolete software that you thought was uninstalled. Use Registry cleaner software to clean up the System Registry and remove obsolete entries.
Often a Windows problem can be resolved by entering Safe Mode. This can be done during start-up. When you see the message "Starting Windows" press F4. This should take you into Safe Mode.
Safe Mode loads a minimum of drivers. It allows you to find and fix problems that prevent Windows from loading properly.
Sometimes installing Windows is difficult because of unsuitable BIOS settings. If you keep getting SUWIN error messages (Windows setup) during the Windows installation, then try entering the BIOS and disabling the CPU internal cache. Try to disable the Level 2 (L2) cache if that doesn't work.
Remember to restore all the BIOS settings back to their former settings.

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Printers - a reason of system crash or hangs And its solution in windows

The action of sending a document to printer creates a bigger file, often called a postscript file.
Printers have only a small amount of memory, called a buffer. This can be easily overloaded. Printing a document also uses a considerable amount of CPU power. This will also slow down the computer's performance.
If the printer is trying to print unusual characters, these might not be recognised, and can crash the computer. Sometimes printers will not recover from a crash because of confusion in the buffer. A good way to clear the buffer is to unplug the printer for ten seconds. Booting up from a powerless state, also called a cold boot, will restore the printer's default settings and you may be able to carry on.

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Viruses - a reason of system crash or hangs And its solution in windows

                                                     Top Ten Reasons Why A system HANGS
Often the first sign of a virus infection is instability. Some viruses erase the boot sector of a hard drive, making it impossible to start.
Virus protection requires constant vigilance.
A virus scanner requires a list of virus signatures in order to be able to identify viruses. These signatures are stored in a DAT file. DAT files should be updated weekly from the website of your antivirus software manufacturer.
Also Check: How to check the Antivirus Program whether it is working or not
Some of the popular antivirus Programs are

 1. Microsoft Security Essential
 2. Avg Antivirus
 3. Avast Antivirus
 4. Avira antivirus
 5. Kaspersky antivirus
 6. McAfee antivirus      etc...........
                   
Use any one of the following antivirus program to scan your computer.

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Fatal OE exceptions and VXD errors-A reason of system crash or hangs and its solution in windows

                                        Top Ten Reasons Why A system HANGS
Fatal OE exception errors and VXD errors are often caused by video card problems.These can often be resolved easily by reducing the resolution of the video display. To do so Go to

Start -> Settings -> Control Panel -> Display -> Settings

Here you should slide the screen area bar to the left. Take a look at the colour settings on the left of that window. For most desktops, high colour 16-bit depth and for most laptop using vista and seven 32 bit depth is adequate.
If the screen freezes or you experience system lockups it might be due to the video card. Make sure it does not have a hardware conflict.

Go to

Start -> Settings -> Control Panel -> System -> Device Manager

Here, select the + beside Display Adapter. A line of text describing your video card should appear. Select it (make it blue) and press properties. Then select Resources and select each line in the window. Look for a message that says No Conflicts.
If you have video card hardware conflict, you will see it here. Be careful at this point and make a note of everything you do in case you make things worse.
The way to resolve a hardware conflict is to uncheck the Use Automatic Settings box and hit the Change Settings button. You are searching for a setting that will display a No Conflicts message.

Another useful way to resolve video problems is to go to

Start -> Settings -> Control Panel -> System -> Performance -> Graphics

Here you should move the Hardware Acceleration slider to the left. As ever, the most common cause of problems relating to graphics cards is old or faulty drivers (a driver is a small piece of software used by a computer to communicate with a device).
Look up your video card's manufacturer on the internet and search for the most recent drivers for it.

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Hard disk drive - A reason of system crash or hangs and its solution in windows

                                           Top Ten Reasons Why A system HANGS
After a few weeks, the information on a hard disk drive starts to become piecemeal or fragmented. It is a good idea to defragment the hard disk every week or so, to prevent the disk from causing a screen freeze.
To do so go to

Start -> Programs -> Accessories -> System Tools -> Disk Defragmenter or right click on the drive then select properties -> navigate to tools tab -> select defragment now

This will start the procedure. You will be unable to write data to the hard drive (to save it) while the disk is defragmenting, so it is a good idea to schedule the procedure for a period of inactivity using the Task Scheduler.
The Task Scheduler should be one of the small icons on the bottom right of the Windows opening page (the desktop).

Some lockups and screen freezes caused by hard disk problems can be solved by reducing the read-ahead optimisation. This can be adjusted by going to

Start -> Settings-Control Panel -> System Icon -> Performance -> File System -> Hard Disk.

Hard disks will slow down and crash if they are too full. Do some housekeeping on your hard drive every few months and free some space on it. Open the Windows folder on the C drive and find the Temporary Internet Files folder. Deleting the contents (not the folder) can free a lot of space.
Empty the Recycle Bin every week to free more space. Hard disk drives should be scanned every week for errors or bad sectors. Go to

start -> Programs -> Accessories -> System Tools -> ScanDisk

Otherwise assign the Task Scheduler to perform this operation at night when the computer is not in use.

You can also delete the temporary file from windows and also from user.
To do so open RUN window and type temp or %temp% and hit enter. Then delete all the file from the opened window.
It will free up some disk space.

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BIOS settings - A reason of system crash or hangs and its solution in windows

                                              Top Ten Reasons Why A system HANGS
Every motherboard is supplied with a range of chipset settings that are decided in the factory. A common way to access these settings is to press the F2 or delete button during the first few seconds of a boot-up.
Once inside the BIOS, great care should be taken. It is a good idea to write down on a piece of paper all the settings that appear on the screen. That way, if you change something and the computer becomes more unstable, you will know what settings to revert to.
A common BIOS error concerns the CAS latency. This refers to the Ram. Older EDO (extended data out) Ram has a CAS latency of 3. Newer SDRam has a CAS latency of 2. Setting the wrong figure can cause the Ram to lock up and freeze the computer's display.
Mcft Windows is better at allocating IRQ numbers than any BIOS. If possible set the IRQ numbers to Auto in the BIOS. This will allow Windows to allocate the IRQ numbers (make sure the BIOS setting for Plug and Play OS is switched to 'yes' to allow Windows to do this.).

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Bad RAM - a reason of system crash or hangs And its solution in windows

                                             Top Ten Reasons Why A system HANGS

Ram (random-access memory) problems might bring an blue screen of death with a message saying Fatal Exception Error.
A fatal error indicates a serious hardware problem. Sometimes it may mean a part is damaged and will need replacing.
But a fatal error caused by Ram might be caused by a mismatch of chips. For example, mixing 70-nanosecond (70ns) Ram with 60ns Ram will usually force the computer to run all the Ram at the slower speed. This will often crash the machine if the Ram is overworked.

One way around this problem is to go to the BIOS settings and increase the wait state of the Ram. This can make it more stable.
Another way to troubleshoot a suspected Ram problem is to rearrange the Ram chips on the motherboard, or take some of them out. Then try to repeat the circumstances that caused the crash. When handling Ram try not to touch the gold connections, as they can be easily damaged.
Parity error messages also refer to Ram. Modern Ram chips are either parity (ECC) or non parity (non-ECC). It is best not to mix the two types, as this can be a cause of trouble.
EMM386 error messages refer to memory problems but may not be connected to bad Ram. This may be due to free memory problems often linked to old Dos-based programmes.

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Hardware Conflict - a reason of system crash or hangs And its solution

Top Ten Reasons Why A system HANGS

The number one reason why Windows crashes is hardware conflict. Each hardware device communicates to other devices through an interrupt request channel (IRQ). These are supposed to be unique for each device.
For example, a printer usually connects internally on IRQ 7. The keyboard usually uses IRQ 1 and the floppy disk drive IRQ 6. Each device will try to use a single IRQ for itself.
If there are a lot of devices, or if they are not installed properly, two of them may end up sharing the same IRQ number. When the user tries to use both devices at the same time, a crash can happen.

How to check if your computer has a hardware conflict or not?

Open "Device manager" (start-setting-control panel- system device manager) or ( Right click on my computer on desktop - Select manage - Click on device manager on left side)
Generally when a device has problem then it is marked by yellow color in the description. Highlight Computer (in the Device Manager) and press Properties to see the IRQ numbers used by your computer. If the IRQ number appears twice, two devices may be using it.
Sometimes a device might share an IRQ with something described as 'IRQ holder for PCI steering'. This can be ignored. The best way to fix this problem is to remove the problem device and reinstall it.
Sometimes you may have to find more recent drivers on the internet to make the device function properly. If the device is a soundcard, or a modem, it can often be fixed by moving it to a different slot on the motherboard (be careful about opening your computer, as you may void the warranty).
When working inside a computer you should switch it off, unplug the mains lead and touch an unpainted metal surface to discharge any static electricity.
To be fair to Mcft, the problem with IRQ numbers is not of its making. It is a legacy problem going back to the first PC designs using the IBM 8086 chip. Initially there were only eight IRQs. Today there are 16 IRQs in a PC. It is easy to run out of them. There are plans to increase the number of IRQs in future designs.

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